摘要  介紹了中國(guó)目前城鎮(zhèn)污水處理廠采用BOT運(yùn)作的情況，分析了污水處理產(chǎn)業(yè)BOT運(yùn)作流行的原因和污水處理產(chǎn)業(yè)采用BOT運(yùn)作模式的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，并指出了采用BOT運(yùn)作模式存在的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。為保證BOT項(xiàng)目成功的關(guān)鍵是項(xiàng)目運(yùn)作一定要規(guī)范，政府應(yīng)成立專(zhuān)門(mén)招標(biāo)機(jī)構(gòu)加強(qiáng)指導(dǎo)和協(xié)作，BOT項(xiàng)目運(yùn)營(yíng)后還應(yīng)加強(qiáng)對(duì)項(xiàng)目的監(jiān)管。

關(guān)鍵詞  污水處理  BOT  特許經(jīng)營(yíng)

Abstract：The deterioration of the water environment has been the notice focus of the society.The authors put forward the questions existing in the course of the plant construction of the wastewater treatment by the method of BOT. BOT projects have been widely used in the development of metropolitan wastewater treatment. During the sewage concession tariff negotiation, both governments and sponsors always neglect risk influence on pricing, and lack appropriate risk allocation between them. The paper reviewed the present developing situation of BOT mode in municipal sewage treatment plant, and introduced the situation of BOT mode in sewage treatment industry. At last, the authors analyzed the risks of BOT mode for municipal sewage treatment, and provided some advices of achieving success in risks, it may be useful for the corporation who attend BOT modeling. All these risk allocation suggestions can be used as references to the determination of the sewage concession tariff and adjustment mechanism.

Keywords：wastewater treatment；BOT；concession

        污水處理產(chǎn)業(yè)作為國(guó)家基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)的重要內(nèi)容之一，長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)一直是以公益事業(yè)的形式由國(guó)家籌集資金進(jìn)行投資建設(shè)并運(yùn)行。但隨著國(guó)民環(huán)保意識(shí)的提高，對(duì)該產(chǎn)業(yè)的需求日益增大，這種僅靠政府建設(shè)及運(yùn)行的方式已嚴(yán)重阻礙了它的建設(shè)速度，從而制約著國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。

        BOT作為新興的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項(xiàng)目的投資方式，被越來(lái)越廣泛的證明是一種適合污水處理產(chǎn)業(yè)的項(xiàng)目運(yùn)作模式。
2004年12月，我國(guó)污水處理行業(yè)首例采用BOT方式運(yùn)作的北京金源經(jīng)濟(jì)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)污水處理廠開(kāi)業(yè)運(yùn)行至今，全國(guó)已出現(xiàn)不少BOT、TOT、托管運(yùn)營(yíng)的污水處理廠。一些典型的BOT、TOT污水處理廠見(jiàn)表1。

        北京市排水集團(tuán)有限責(zé)任公司與馬來(lái)西亞嘉里集團(tuán)合作以BOT運(yùn)營(yíng)盧溝橋污水廠，通過(guò)國(guó)際競(jìng)標(biāo)獲得北京市定福莊污水廠BOT項(xiàng)目以及廣州西朗污水廠運(yùn)營(yíng)權(quán)。

        德國(guó)柏林水務(wù)集團(tuán)以BOT方式（參股70%）運(yùn)營(yíng)了南昌青山湖污水廠（33萬(wàn)t/d投資2.9億元，20年）。
 

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